Perspective in 3D mesenchymal stromal cells as tools for potential diabetes treatment

Alessia Dallatana , Linda Cremonesi, Damiano Coato, Giulio Innamorati, Luca Giacomello

Abstract


Diabetes represents one of the major global health issues, and the number of cases is expected to increase dramatically in the coming years. In the new century, many strategies have been developed to meet the urge for new therapies through technological innovations. Innovative pharmacological treatments, such as electronic insulin pumps, represent one of the gold standards for diabetes, even if cell replacement therapy is preferred in most severe cases. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) can be differentiated into insulin-producing cells or islet-like cell clusters. Particularly, MSCs derived from birth tissues are characterized by a high level of plasticity and represent the best candidates for regenerative treatments. Together with MSCs, 3D approaches can be integrated to obtain complex structures supporting many biological requirements, namely the possibility of reproducing better the physiological conditions, as well as supporting vascular network development. The literature was examined using Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus, analyzing the pertinence with the focus of this manuscript. In this review, we present an overview of the different strategies applied as of today in regenerative medicine, by unraveling the different cellular and matrix characteristics that can be crucial for future and potential diabetes treatment. 


Keywords


3D culture;  cell differentiation; Diabetes; Extracellular matrix; Hydrogels; Mesenchymal Stromal cells.

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References


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